1. The cognitive aspects of Europeʼs security and defence challengesIgor Senčar, 2021 Abstract: The European post-Cold War order was based on a pan-European consensus that democracy was the only source of legitimacy % until the Kremlin opposed the realization of a Europe whole, free and at peace with itself. There has been a paradigm change from cooperation to systemic competition. Russian revisionism poses the greatest security threat to Europe. The nature of the threat was realized rather late. The assault on the post-Cold War order was not just a classic war, which relies on hard power; instead, the war also took place in the cognitive sphere, which represents a particular challenge for open, democratic societies. Furthermore, it was also a normative assault. An effective response requires a mental shift and the strengthening of cognitive resilience as well as solidarity as the key foundations of security. Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...The European post-Cold War order was based on a... ...cognitive resilience, European Union, information warfare, normative conflict, revisionist power... Keywords: cognitive resilience, European Union, information warfare, normative conflict, revisionist power Published: 18.10.2021; Views: 4076; Downloads: 39 Fulltext (293,86 KB) |
2. Missions and operations as a tool for shaping the EUʼs global engagementAleksandra Kozioł, 2021 Abstract: The European Union is an international actor which makes a contribution to increasing the level of security in the world. It is currently carrying out 11 civilian and 6 military missions and operations, deploying approximately 5,000 personnel. Although over the years it has adapted its mechanisms and instruments based on learning by doing, in recent times, deepened by the pandemic crisis, the attention of the Member States has shifted inwards. As a result, the European Union now faces a major challenge to define its security role. Found in: ključnih besedah Summary of found: ...The European Union is an international actor which makes... Keywords: European Union, crisis management, missions, operations, security, peace Published: 18.10.2021; Views: 3836; Downloads: 17 Fulltext (243,28 KB) |
3. The communitarization of the European Unionʼs defence policyKatarina Vatovec, 2021 Abstract: This paper argues that incremental steps, beginning with the institutional set-up framed by the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, through the adoption of the EU Global Strategy in 2016, to recent policy initiatives, endorsed mechanisms and their implementation in the field of defence, are paving the way towards its communitarization. The political will of Member States could be gradually generated through experience, through a number of policy initiatives and their successful implementation, and through the awareness of the contemporary geopolitical changes with traditional and new security threats. The process of communitarization is dependent on the Member Statesʼ political will, and could eventually lead towards building a European Defence Union. Found in: ključnih besedah Keywords: defence policy, European Union, communitarization Published: 19.10.2021; Views: 3680; Downloads: 33 Fulltext (250,24 KB) |
4. Interpretation of civilian vs. military equipment in European case law – EU and HungaryCsaba Szabó, Mariann Minkó-Miskovics, 2022 Abstract: The regulation of products suitable for both civilian and defence purposes may seem to be a marginal area; however, it affects both inner and outer safety. We present a peculiar case of this regulation: even though the EU legal framework exists for implementation in national laws, the Hungarian authorities follow a different practice, often conflicting with the spirit of the applicable EU laws. As a result, the export and import of specific dual-use products under Hungarian law is more complicated than that intended by EU law, which restricts the ability of companies in this area to conduct their business operations. The aim of the article is to present the legal framework behind the regulations, and to demonstrate the difficulties the inconsistent interpretation of these by the applicable national authorities can cause to market participants. Found in: ključnih besedah Keywords: dual-use equipment, legal framework, case law, legislation, Hungary, European Union Published: 12.10.2022; Views: 2358; Downloads: 37 Fulltext (495,26 KB) |
5. The impact of the War in Ukraine on the information security of the European Union’s banking industry – a case study of Hungary and SlovakiaTamás Somogyi, Rudolf Nagy, 2023 Abstract: This study investigates, for the first time, the impact of the war on the information security of the EU’s banking industry. This domain is critical, as i) a significant cyber incident may lead to the financial and political instability of the Member States, and ii) the efficiency of the financial sanctions adopted by the EU depends on the appropriate operation of the EU’s banking systems. Qualitative methods were used in the study; relevant literature and publicly available sector specific data were analysed, and senior information security experts from Hungarian and Slovakian banks were interviewed. The results underpin the fact that banks in the EU are facing an exceptionally high level of cyber risk; the paper attempts to provide actions responding to these risks to keep the banking industry secure. Found in: ključnih besedah Keywords: European Union, banking industry, cyberterrorism, Ukraine, Russia Published: 05.01.2024; Views: 1275; Downloads: 3 Fulltext (419,47 KB) |