Page 196 - Cyber Terrorism and Extremism as Threat to Critical Infrastructure Protection

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS

Cyber Threats to Maritime Critical Infrastructure
Andrej Androjna, Elen Twrdy

The increasing speed of the development of information and communication technologies
(ICT) and the constant connection to the internet bring new cyber threats, thus increasing
the chances of cyber-attacks targeting maritime critical infrastructure. In terms of improv-
ing the efficiency of port operations, their vulnerability (e.g. consequences in the event of a
system failure) is increasing with the interconnection and integration of many maritime and
logistics systems. The impact of the tools available to attackers for cyber-attacks are not yet
fully understood. This is precisely why the protection, or cyber security, of maritime critical
infrastructure is becoming one of the major issues of national security and economic stability.
Port security and the efficiency of port operations are crucial not only for maritime transport
but also for their strategic role in terms of security at the national, regional and European
level. This article presents new challenges, threats and strategies in overcoming barriers in the
context of ensuring the cyber security of maritime critical infrastructure.

If the Face Fits: Is it Possible for Artificial Intelligence to
Accurately Predict Threats to Protect Critical Infrastruc-
ture?

Graeme Ballard

Artificial Intelligence, or more correctly, machine learning, can potentially be used to identify
and predict threats in order to protect critical infrastructure. Building on previous work, which
only included the biological components of behavior, this paper describes how a machine
learning tool could potentially be programmed using biological, cognitive and conative
components of behavior. The relevance and importance of the unique issues surrounding the
research and understanding of human subjects is discussed, along with how these issues will
need to be actively considered and overcome if a successful machine learning tool is to be
successfully achieved, and its judgments accepted, by stake-holder groups and the public at
large.

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