Page 158 - Cyber Terrorism and Extremism as Threat to Critical Infrastructure Protection

SECTION II: CYBER TERRORISM AND SECURITY IMPLICATION FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION

energy, water, communications, and transportation) that provide lifeline functions to all other
critical infrastructure sectors.

Figure 2: Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies 2

Electricity, as part of critical infrastructure, provides essential power to the communication,
transportation, water sectors and in return subsectors rely on them for fuel delivery
(transportation), electricity generation (water for production and cooling), as well as the
control and operation of infrastructure (communication), (Lindstrom, 2019: pp 37-41).
The EU Task Force in cooperation with NATO developed three phases for strengthening the
EU’s cyber defence capabilities as follows:
• Base Case: implementing the 2017 Cyber Security Package;
• Cyber Security Strategy from 2018;
• Establishing a Cyber Defence Coordinator;
• Creating a Cyber Defence Agency.

The final goal was to create the Cyber Defence Agency. This was carried out in five stages:
• The implementation of the NATO and EU Cyber Security Package from 2017, according
to the EU Cyber Strategy from 2018, and the Cyber Defence Policy Framework;
• The creation of a Cyber Defence Coordinator, in coordination with the European Agency
for Cyber Security (ENISA), the EU Council, and the European Commission, alongside
other agencies such as the EDA;
• Under the guidance of the Coordinator and through prominent collaboration with indus-
try, the implementation of a series of cooperation-oriented tasks that would lead to the
development of a technical attribution forum;
• Under the guidance of the Coordinator, the investigation and drafting of a mandate for a
governance model for a Cyber Defence Agency Stage;

2 Critical Infrastructure Protection: Prevention, detection, response and mitigation of the combination of physical
and cyber threats to the critical infrastructure of the Europe Project: H2020–CIP-01-2016–740898

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